title: COD Analysis for AOX Reduction in Bleaching Effluent: Shanghai ChiMay Approach date: 2026-06-27 Introduction Cotton bleaching transforms the natural beige fiber into the white substrate required for downstream dyeing and finishing. The chemistry has historically relied on hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, and chlorinated organic auxiliaries that generate adsorbable organohalogen (AOX) compounds during the reaction. AOX…
Introduction Paper mill process water carries a chemistry footprint that no single parameter can fully describe. Wet-end pH and conductivity drift together when retention aid dosing falls out of balance. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH co-vary when slimicide chemistry is rotating through its kill phase. Temperature swings of even 2-3 degrees C at the headbox…
Effective pulp mill water quality management depends on monitoring seven distinct parameters that together describe the chemical, biological, and physical state of process water: pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, suspended solids, COD, ORP, and turbidity. Each has a specific operational role, and mills that put all seven under continuous measurement — rather than periodic grab sampling…
Introduction Dairy processing presents some of the most demanding water quality requirements in the food industry. Water serves multiple critical functions—from ingredient formulation through equipment cleaning—making water quality paramount to product safety and quality. The high nutritional content of dairy products creates ideal growth conditions for bacteria, amplifying contamination risks that effective water quality monitoring…
Introduction: The Case for Intelligent Irrigation Agriculture accounts for roughly 70% of global freshwater withdrawals, and a large share of that water is lost to overwatering, evaporative losses, and inefficient application. The root cause in most operations is the same: irrigation scheduled by calendar or intuition rather than actual crop water requirements. Smart irrigation technology…
Introduction: The Challenge of Water Quality in Controlled Environments Greenhouse and controlled environment agriculture (CEA) operations achieve yields several times higher than field production—commercial tomato greenhouses routinely harvest multiples of what the same footprint produces outdoors—but this productivity depends on holding water quality within tight bands. Unlike field crops that can draw on soil water…