Phosphorus Removal Efficiency: How Hybrid Electrochemical-Biological Treatment Reaches the Tightest Limits
Phosphorus discharge from industrial facilities contributes to eutrophication of receiving waters, creating environmental problems including harmful algal blooms, oxygen depletion, and aquatic ecosystem degradation. Regulatory agencies worldwide have established increasingly stringent phosphorus discharge limits, with typical permits requiring <1-2 mg/L total phosphorus for industrial discharges to sensitive waters. Some jurisdictions require <0.5 mg/L or even…