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Key Takeaways Turbidity monitoring provides 15-30 minute advance warning of membrane fouling events, enabling preventive intervention Membrane damage from fouling costs $50-100 per square meter to replace, with large ZLD systems containing thousands of square meters Online turbidity sensors achieve 95% accuracy in detecting filtration upsets compared to 60% with periodic sampling ChiMay's online turbidity…

Key Takeaways Reverse osmosis systems achieving >97% salt rejection require conductivity measurement accuracy of ±1% or better Continuous conductivity monitoring enables early membrane fouling detection with 73% reduction in unscheduled downtime Four-electrode conductivity technology provides superior accuracy in high-conductivity applications compared to two-electrode designs Temperature compensation algorithms must account for non-linear behavior in high-purity water…